Grenade thrown at group of soldiers; casualties not reported, ? Board, Pietermaritzburg Three bombs explode, November 1982 SAP personnel: W/O P. Selepe, killed in Mamelodi, Transvaal; gave evidence in many trials, 08/11/82 Economic: Mobil fuel storage depot, Mkuze, Natal - Blast causes severe damage, December 1982 - Personnel actively assisting SAP: B. Hlapane, 13-14/11/82 Skirmishes with SAP: Piet Retief - two SAP seriously wounded, 18-19/12/82 Economic: Koeberg nuclear power station, Cape Town -massive damage in four explosions; no injuries, 20-21/11/82 SADF/SAP installation and personnel: SAP rural station and temporary SADF garrison at Tonga - rocket attack seriously injures two SADF personnel, 31/12/82 Government building / SAP building: Johannesburg Magistrates court (200m from John Vorster Square Police Station) - explosion; no details, 1983 Economic: line near Phomolong station. ?/03/86 SAP Personnel: Dobsonville, Johannesburg. ?/10/88 Car bomb explosion outside a Witbank shopping centre; two killed, 42 injured, ? [1] He was remembered for detonating a bomb at Sanlam Centre in Amanzimtoti killing civilians on 23 December 1985. ?/08/89 Armed propaganda: Grenade explodes at Labour Party polling station, Bishop Lavis, Cape Town, ? ?/04/89 SAP buildings: SAP station, Durban. Mandela had stopped using guns as a weapon, because now he . He was a police reservist some time ago. Although their military units detonated several bombs in government buildings during the next few years, the ANC and PAC did not pose a serious threat to the state, which had a virtual monopoly on modern weaponry.… One municipal constable killed, nine injured, ? Umkhonto we Sizwe undertook other acts of sabotage in the next eighteen months. The organisation’s early attempts to infiltrate its trained guerrillas back to South Africa were unsuccessful due to white minority led states surrounding South Africa which were hostile to the anti apartheid struggle. Two limpet mines explode, third detonated by SAP, 14/11/87 SADF personnel: Cape Town; SADF commemoration march to the Castle: limpet mine explodes in bin which over 700 SAP and SADF filed past; 1 SADF member injured, 18/11/87 Government buildings: Johannesburg post office. No details, ? Structural damage, 01/03/78 Skirmish with SAP: Witkleigat area. No details, 20/02/83 Economic: Pelindaba Nuclear Research Station. Other articles where Umkhonto we Sizwe is discussed: South Africa: Resistance to apartheid: …set up its military wing, Umkhonto we Sizwe ("Spear of the Nation"), in 1961. Mine explodes on pedestrian bridge; second limpet aimed at responding SAP members explodes 15 minutes later, July 1986 Skirmish with SAP: Mdantsane, Eastern Cape. Economic: Railways, Wilsonia, (E Cape) No details, Economic : Mount Ruth railway station, Mdantsane. Explosion damages line, 10/10/81 Economic: Durban railway station, Government buildings: Durban offices, Department Of Co-operation and Development. Found insideBut Umkhonto we Sizwe (Spear of the Nation) went on to use car bombs and other forms of violence that killed innocent people, often, the perpetrators subsequently claimed, in response to atrocities committed by the apartheid government. A full 100 . MK members open fire on SAP vehicle; three SAP members, one civilian injured, 01/02/88 Skirmishes with SAP: Transkei roadblock. ?/09/89 SAP building: Mamelodi SAP station. Andrew Zondo was an Umkhonto we Sizwe operative responsible for the 1985 Amanzimtoti shopping centre bombing. 07/05/86 Benmore Gardens Shopping Centre, Sandton, Johannesburg. At almost the most embarrassing possible moment, less than a week after Luthuli was awarded the Peace Prize in Oslo, Umkhonto we Sizwe launched its first military action: five bomb attacks on . ?/06/86 Ten people killed in explosion in minibus in Bophutatswana, ? Anti-tank mine injures one person, 10/06/86 SADF/ personnel actively assisting SADF: the farm Blomhof,near Volksrust. ?/10/89 Bomb explodes outside BP centre, Cape Town and at a Woodstock garage a few minutes later, ? ?/07/87 SAP personnel: Gugulethu. Mines explode at 02h00 and 03h00, 01/11/83 Economic: Durban - Buses at municipal bus depot damaged by bomb at midnight, Economic: Springs SAP defuses bomb on railway line, SAP building/personnel: Durban SAP workshop bombed; no details, 02/11/83 SAP vehicles: Wentworth, Durban - Explosion at 02h55 damages vehicles in SAP mobile store and adjacent student residence (Alan Taylor Residence), 03/11/83 Economic: Bosmont railway station damaged by bomb, 22/11/83 Economic: Durban - Pylons damaged by two explosions, 03/11/83 Economic: railway line, Bosmont/Newclare, Johannesburg railway line damaged in explosion. Home of municipal policeman attacked, child injured, ? Explosion at Newcastle station waiting room; second explosion at 01h34 while SAP investigating first blast; one SAP member injured, 20/05/87 Government buildings; SAP personnel: Johannesburg Magistrates Court. The head of SAP public relations (Brig. Umkhonto we Sizwe (abbreviated as MK, Zulu for "Spear of the Nation") was the armed wing of the African National Congress (ANC), co-founded by Nelson Mandela in the … Beginning on 16 December 1961, the campaign by Umkhonto we Sizwe with Mandela as its leader, was launched, with bomb attacks on government targets and planned for … 13/09/84 Economic: Eskom sub-station, Durban - Limpet mines cause damage, 14/09/84 Government Buildings: Department of Community Development, Krugersdorp - Bomb at 17h00 causes damage, 11/12/84 Economic: railway near Durban - explosion damages line, goods train damaged, 14/12/84 Skirmish with SAP: Ingwavuma, Natal - one MK member killed, one SAP member injured, 25/12/84 Skirmish with SAP: Ingwavuma – MK member killed. In 1910, by an act of British Parliament, the newly established Union of South Mrica became a dominion of the British … MK members wound one SAP member, retreat safely, 25/01/88 SAP personnel: Kokstad, Natal. Anti-tank landmine injures six SADF members in military vehicle, 20/10/86 SAP buildings: Lamontville SAP station. ? USA: Greenwood Press|O’Malley, P., 2011. The U.S. Government Had Nelson Mandela on Terrorist Watch Lists Until 2008. Bomb explodes outside offices; One civilian killed, three injured, ? Home of SAP member bombed; no details, 13/12/85 SADF personnel: troop carrier in Messina. ?/11/85 Skirmish with Bophutatswana Police: Four MK members killed, two MK members injured, ? Umkhonto we Sizwe (abbreviated as MK, translated as "Spear of the Nation") was the armed wing of the African National Congress (ANC), co-founded by Nelson Mandela … Two transformers destroyed by limpet mines, May 1981 Personnel actively assisting SAP: Hoedspruit Railways policeman killed with grenade, 06/05/81 Economic/ Republic Day protests: railway in Hoedspruit area. Inspired by Fidel Castro's 26th of July Movement in the Cuban Revolution, in 1961 Mandela co-founded Umkhonto we Sizwe (“Spear of the Nation", abbreviated MK) … In the 1985 Amanzimtoti bombing on the Natal South Coast, five civilians were killed and 40 were injured when Umkhonto we Sizwe cadre Andrew Sibusiso Zondo detonated an explosive in a rubbish bin at a shopping centre shortly before Christmas. ?/10/88 SAP Personnel: Tembisa police barracks. malls, banks, offices and including the Johannesburg railway stations. On behalf of the African National Congress and its allies I salute you on this the 25th anniversary of the birth of Umkhonto we Sizwe. Police statistics indicated that seven members of the SAAF were killed. Explosion at Eskom sub-station, ? The ZAPU Military planning committee then code-named Special Affairs was involved in discussions to form the alliance that culminated in the first battles in the country, the Wankie Nyatuwe battles and other areas in the western part of Rhodesia now Zimbabwe. ANC killed mostly civilians. Group of SAP members fired on by MK members in car; two SAP members killed, four injured, ? 10 people including two SAP members injured in grenade attack on SAP patrol, ? Found inside – Page 73They came because they saw particular opportunity in the fertile alluvial soil of the Limpopo's southern bank. ... What was conceived as a buffer against attacks by Umkhonto we Sizwe became a hub of residence and economic activity, ... ), 09/01/87 SAP personnel: near KTC, Cape Town. Wary of the dangers in this illegal industry, he approaches Umkhonto weSizwe. Accepted into the organisation, Isaiah works with another operative making bombs and bombing targets to publicize the organisation's struggle for freedom. MK member opened fire on SAP at station; killed when SAP returned fire; three civilians injured in crossfire, 03/06/88 SADF buildings / personnel: SA Irish Regiment HQ, Anderson St, Johannesburg Explosion; no details. ?/07/85 Economic: Durban Limpet mines destroy sub-station, ? No information, January 1988 SAP personnel: attack on police in Kliptown, Johannesburg. ?/11/85 Economic: Central Johannesburg - building housing Institute of Bankers damaged in blast, ? Limpet mine on SAP vehicle: no details, ? No injuries, 04/05/88 SAP personnel / buildings: Kagiso SAP Single Quarters. 1983: Church Street bombing. Ciskei police confirm skirmish, no details, 11/03/87 Skirmish with SAP: New Crossroads, Cape Town. ?/02/81 Bomb blast in Durban shopping centre; two injuries, 26/06/81 Durban Cenotaph: 2 bombs explode, 26/07/81 Two bombs extensively damage motor vehicle firms in central Durban, 05h50 and 06h10; three injuries, 06/08/81 Bomb explodes in East London shopping complex minutes before rush hour; no details, 08/08/81 Bomb explodes in Port Elizabeth shopping centre in similar manner to East London bomb, ? Believed to have been involved in military operations and extortions, including the 1981 bombing of the Sibasa police station which killed two police officers and crippled a third one. Tumahole; Limpet mine explodes at homes of two councillors; no injuries. Bomb explodes, no injuries, 02/09/88 Government buildings: Standerton post office. ?/04/87 SAP personnel: KTC, Cape Town. Prolonged attack kills one SAP member, wounds 10 SAP members, 14/03/88 Government building: Johannesburg City Hall. No details on results of explosion, 10/09/88 Collaborators in apartheid repression: Mini-limpet placed under basin next to back door of Lenasia House of Delegates (HOD) candidate, Mrs Ebrahim; no details, 19/09/88 SAP building and personnel: Benoni, Eastern Transvaal. Here's Why. Mini-limpet explodes outside; SAP vehicle damaged, APPENDIX FIVEARMED ACTIONS FOR WHICH TARGET CATEGORY AND/OR RESPONSIBILITY IS UNCERTAIN. After the 1994 elections MK forces were integrated into the South African National Defence Force (SANDF). One SAP member, one MK member killed, 04/02/86 SADF personnel: Gugulethu - four SADF members injured when grenade thrown into their military vehicle, 07/01/86 Personnel actively assisting SAP: Soweto - grenade thrown at Railways policeman, 06/01/86 Skirmish with SAP: near East London - one member killed, 08/01/86 Economic: Pretoria sub-station - damaged by explosion, 09//01/86 Economic/ SAP personnel: Durban - limpet mine damages substation in Jacobs, second limpet explodes kills one SAP member, injures three - five SAP (or one SAP, two engineers), 18/01/86 Economic: substation in Westville, Durban. Bomb damages offices; company was involved in labour dispute, ? Limpet mine defused, 21/07/81 Economic: power supply; Pretoria, Middelburg, Ermelo. Several members and leading figures in the organisation were arrested in the 1960s and given long sentences or death severely crippling MK. 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