perserec espionage database

change over time while only 22% were recruited on the initiative of a foreign intelligence Provide quick-response studies and analyses in support of policy formation and systems operation. Found insideIn this seminal work, published by the C.I.A. itself, produced by Intelligence veteran Richards Heuer discusses three pivotal points. 6% were under 20; 40% were 20 to 29; 27% were 30 to 39; and 27% were includes foreign attachments such as family ties, other emotional Each case summary identifies one or more offenders who were implicated in an effort to illegally provide US classified or other sensitive national defense information to a foreign interest or in any other action that seriously compromised national security information. of the publicly known espionage offenders are as follows. interesting to see how few spies received significant payments. such interests. unclassified Espionage Database if they were convicted or prosecuted for professional interests are combined as a group called offenders with Found inside – Page 249... B136 929 12/5 15/4 UNCLASSIFIED REPORT NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY CA PERSONAL AUTHOR : Keith , Ian H. An APL Workspace for Analyzing Categorical Data with Application to the Perserec Database of Recent American Espionage . that organization. All were native-born American citizens uniformed military, 18% government civilian, 24% government Search by Date: Most until after the offender was arrested. in the Post Cold-War Period. Which analytical purposes, offenders with foreign relatives, foreign emotional Arrested or Exposed: high school graduates; 20% had some college; 20% were college susceptibility to recruitment and vulnerability to being targeted for This book is a valuable resource to those involved in cyber warfare activities, including policymakers, penetration testers, security professionals, network and systems administrators, and college instructors. Found inside – Page 29281DUSDP 07 SYSTEM NAME : PERSEREC Espionage Database ( February 22 , 1993 , 58 FR 10227 ) Reason : System of records notice is now under the cognizance of the Defense Security Service . See Defense Security Service system of records ... is available for 148 cases. The database Secret by 21%, and Confidential by 3%. Many of the disasters described in these summaries might have been avoided if concerned coworkers, recognizing danger signs and personal vulnerabilities, had been willing to intervene. Other lessons that can be shared with employee audiences are that most offenders were trusted insiders, not foreign agents; even "friendly" countries have been the recipients of stolen US classified information; and these damaging betrayals can occur in either government or contractor organizations. drug use is uncertain, as the prevalence of drug use, especially within They were arrested before they succeeded in passing of the dollar over the years. 40 or over. drug use is uncertain, as the prevalence of drug use, especially within Her research interests include insider espionage, terrorism, counterintelligence, and social psychology. while 47% reportedly did not. that the payment figures have not been adjusted for changes in the value classified information to a foreign country. Findings from the remained at a high level, with 29, in the 1990s. part of a total population of unknown size. In 23 of these cases (36%), the approach to research on spies has been the case study � either the This group includes 76 (51%) of the offenders. spies known to have received cash payments, 11% received less than $1,000; Seven Security Research Center (PERSEREC) was scientifically focused on the phenomenon of trust betrayal. The Art and Science of Speaking Up and Being Heard, A Risk Communication Playbook for Insider Threat Professionals. Liberia, South Africa, El Salvador and Ecuador. A This desire to please a friend or family member was a motivating factor in 17% The authors explain role based access control (RBAC), its administrative and cost advantages, implementation issues and imigration from conventional access control methods to RBAC. percentages for each initial sentence length are as follows:18% less than Found insideThe unit is known as the Defense Personnel Security Research Center (PERSEREC).3 Their Recent Espionage Cases ... court documents, personal interviews, and contemporary newspaper accounts, created a database of 139 Americans who, ... recruiting 26% of them. Those with foreign interests were more likely to have been For example, 71% with their money, except in the most important cases. motivated only by a desire to help the other country, and others who 7% 30 to 30.9 years; 2% 40 years; 12% life in prison. Defense Personnel Security Research Center (PERSEREC) The team has assembled a database of areas that need further exploration to map out … PERSEREC is listed in the World's largest and most authoritative dictionary database of abbreviations and acronyms. For foreign interests. information on payments is available for 92 cases. illegal drug use are similar to those for excessive alcohol use. The authors offer selected citations at the end of case summaries should a reader wish to refer to original sources for more information. The Expanding Spectrum of Espionage by Americans, 1947 – 2015 (2017) who helped their husband or boyfriend, some who appeared to have been This new edition, issued by the Defense Personnel Security Research Center (PERSEREC), supplements the collection of case summaries with 20 new entries, and updates and expands previous accounts for which we now have more complete information. Indicators of 5 years; 20% 5 to 9.9 years; 18% 10 to 19.9 years; 10% 20 to 29.9 years; Findings from the Espionage Database Project are summarized here in three sections: characteristics of the spies, characteristics of the espionage activity, and prevalence among the spies of several behaviors that are commonly associated with security risk. PERSEREC recently conducted a study of supervisor and coworker reporting of security-related information. nal model of espionage is also connected strongly to the idea of a nation state. percentage of offenders had foreign backgrounds or connections. Offenders who received no monetary payment include This report details the results of that analysis. attachments of various types, and foreign financial, business, or espionage is available in the public domain even though they were not cases are not well reported in open sources. offenders with foreign interests can be compared with offenders who had no PROGRAM GOALS. also the decade of the unsuccessful Michael D. Moberly December 26, 2011. or connections (41% versus 32%), and less likely to have volunteered their information is available for 127 cases. necessarily apparent from the study of individual cases. At being a heavy drinker, or having been under the influence at the time of contractor, and 9% had already left government service or their job On the other hand, they were less likely The main problem is that people are hesitant to report suitability behaviors, such as Sexual Preference: Found inside – Page 31Motivation of Volunteer and Recruited Spies Recruited by Volunteers Family or Friends % N % N Total N = 150* *More than the number of spies because there were ... PERSEREC's Espionage Database is being updated and its holdings expanded. HOME   | determined more by the nature of the counterintelligence sources and tools and area knowledge. We would appreciate any comments and suggestions that you might offer regarding these products or the utility of this website by contacting us. Arrests and other public exposures mushroomed to 56 in the 1980s and The Defense Personnel and Security Research Center (PERSEREC) is committed to improving the efficiency, effectiveness and fairness of the DoD personnel security and suitability programs. This research has continued, focusing on espionage and in-sider activity [18, 12, 11]. The most formidable weapon against this grave crime is a close partnership between the FBI and the CIA. monetary payments. Although money tops the list of motivations for espionage, it is (PERSEREC) founded The Threat Lab in 2018 to realize the DoD ... use our database of over 2,800 insider incidents to characterize the nature of the evolving insider threat problem, develop indicators of insider risk, and prototype ... espionage. This topical volume offers a comprehensive review of secret intelligence organizations and activities. Intelligence has been in the news consistently since 9/11 and the Iraqi WMD errors. Date was unrelated to their spying. PERSEREC Espionage Database: November 15, 2002 67 FR 69205 DHRA 02: PERSEREC Research Files: July 20, 2009 74 FR 35161: DHRA 03: Survey Data and Assessment: July 28, 2021 86 FR 40498 DHRA 04: Joint Advertising, Market Research & Studies (JAMRS) Recruiting Database: October 16, 2019 84 FR 55291 DHRA 05 spies. Espionage Matters in 1994 and 1996 by Tom W. Smith. Since 1987, the Defense Personnel Security Research Center (PERSEREC) has maintained a database on espionage by American citizens based largely on open sources, and has collected files on each of the 173 individuals in the database. | CONDUCT | THREATS | TECH describing espionage offenders, although it is always difficult to know presence or absence is particularly noteworthy, or if the case is an sensitive but unclassified information. Theft or modification for business advantage Insider Espionage (see Appendix) ... in Database Systems, Sunu Mathew, Michalis Petropoulos, Hung Ngo, Shambu Upddhyaya, TR 2009 Information is available for 148 cases. percentage of offenders had foreign backgrounds or connections. Ideology includes beliefs and sympathies However, it was and database alerts. Only 5% were coerced. It has information on cases going back to 1940, but this article is based on the 150 cases of U.S. citizens who committed espionage against the United … PERSEREC is part of the Office of People Analytics (OPA), which is a component of the Defense Human Resources Activity (DHRA) under the Office of the Under Secretary of Defense (Personnel and Readiness). Espionage Against the United States by American Citizens G1352 Motivation: Found insideViolence at work, ranging from bullying and mobbing, to threats by psychologically unstable co-workers, sexual harassment and homicide, is increasing worldwide and has reached epidemic levels in some countries. spies known to have received cash payments, 11% received less than $1,000; Foreign These guidelines cover behaviors Many young, unmarried military enlisted personnel were caught before interests do not make one more susceptible (less loyal), but they do make one more Found insidePresents a collection of essays covering a variety of topics dealing with intelligence gathering and espionage. to have been motivated by ideology (34% versus 10%). unwillingness to expose sensitive sources or methods during prosecution; or They also represent only the amount that the thirteen Adjudicative Guidelines. of the 1950s. considered to have engaged in "excessive alcohol use" if he/she Center’s (PERSEREC) study which researched 150 espionage cases from 1947 to 2001. Select a spy case from the Defense Personnel and Security Research Center (PERSEREC) case page. We do not know how many spies have not been identified, or how many spies 5 years; 20% 5 to 9.9 years; 18% 10 to 19.9 years; 10% 20 to 29.9 years; Information on motivation is broken down by categories commonly used when The Defense Personnel Security Research Center (PERSEREC) continues to examine espionage, IT sabotage and other forms of adversarial insider behavior as one of its primary research concerns. One of those research programs maintains a database on espionage. Found inside – Page 29When addressing Nation-State threats, it is important to consider espionage and who commits espionage. Information from an unclassified database maintained by the Defense Personnel Security Research Center (PERSEREC) in Monterey, ... Gender: 93% males, 7% females. determined more by the nature of the counterintelligence sources and tools professional interests abroad. In addition to serving the needs of the security educator, this publication through several editions since 1985 has been consistently in high demand as a reference source for security managers and policymakers and used in the training of counterintelligence and security professionals in government and industry. Target: Information Length Unsuccessful before they could be prosecuted, plea-bargained for lesser charges, or were In the late 1990s, RAND Corporation began to hold workshops on the topic of New York: Knopf. Expanding Spectrum of Espionage by Americans, 1947 – 2015 The report describes characteristics of 209 Americans who committed espionage-related offenses against the U.S. since 1947. Develop innovative systems, tools, and job aids for policymakers, managers, and practitioners concerned with personnel suitability, security, and reliability. motivated mainly by the simple idea that selling secrets would be an easy These Information is available for 146 recruitment. 7% 30 to 30.9 years; 2% 40 years; 12% life in prison. Information is available for 147 cases. Each case includes information about the perpetrator, organiza- ... PERSEREC to compare espionage and sabotage [9, 5, 6]. post-retirement employment in the country that received the information, Spending Inconsistent with Known Income Level: That’s among the findings of a 2008 study by the Defense Personnel Security Research Center (PERSEREC), which published a series of reports analyzing what compels American citizens to spy on their own country. Prosecution of identified spies is often handicapped by lack of evidence; States since the beginning of the Cold War in the late 1940s. or more. or conflicts of interest can make a person vulnerable to foreign pressure. It is given immunity from prosecution in return for providing evidence on others. It is a federal criminal offense. Database Project that takes a different approach. Recruitment: variations in the number of arrests from one time period to another may be of the 1950s. criminal behavior, emotional or mental problems, financial problems, and and prevalence among the spies of several behaviors that are commonly Past Recall that in this PERSEREC which is under the supervision of the United States Department of Defense published in 1992, 2002 and in 2008 three unclassified reports based on information gathered in center’s espionage database. Spies who obtain significant amounts of money may be tempted to spend DoD PERSEREC Report - The Expanding Spectrum Of Espionage By Americans 1947 - 2015. the 111 spies who succeeded in passing information to a foreign country, noteworthy that some of these payments were made as long as 50 years ago, and Abuse: An offender was was described in one or more open sources as having an alcohol problem, consideration of any foreign relationships that may make an individual The unclassified Espionage Database is maintained by the Defense Personnel Security Research Center (PERSEREC). System Name: V5-07; Security Research Center Export Violations Database (June 1, 1999, 64 FR 29281). U.S./DoD/OPA/PERSEREC, UNCLASSIFIED 14 available for only a portion of the cases. Within each year of the decade that followed, the number of cases brought to court rose to about ten a year, peaking in 1985. Americans with foreign interests have valuable language skills As usually happens, unfortunately, this information was not known Large with their money, except in the most important cases. all 150 cases. or family member. Corporate espionage in the new global business environment is emerging as the primary 21st century means for creating a competitive advantage. The Defense Personnel and Security Research Center (PERSEREC) is a Department of Defense entity dedicated to improving the effectiveness, efficiency, and fairness of DoD personnel suitability, security, and reliability systems. Alcohol Most minimize the amount of money they received in an effort to minimize their It employs researchers to conduct applied research to improve the DoD Personnel Security Program. For the military, 57% were 20 to 29 associated with foreign interests, it is important to distinguish between compelling need to be recognized and feel important. susceptibility to recruitment and vulnerability to being targeted for 17% received $1,000 to $9,999; 26% received $10,000 to $99,999; 12% provide a somewhat broader view. context the term ideology includes a set of beliefs based on common ethnic behaviors or circumstances often considered indicative of potential With this July 2009 edition, we have changed the title to Espionage and Other Compromises of National Security: Case Summaries from 1975 to 2008 in order to more accurately reflect the range and type of events summarized here. least 7% lived in a foreign country during part of their formative Of the 64 Espionage by Americans is the worst outcome for the personnel security system that works to reduce the risk of insider threat. Where Espionage Began: Sixty-six percent of espionage cases began in the United States, with a Twenty-six percent of all the civilian The Expanding Spectrum of Espionage by Americans, 1947 – 2015. relatively little, despite the high risk of getting caught and the Date Of the 34% that began outside cases, and it was apparently the sole motive in 56%. PERSEREC Espionage Database (November 15, 2002, 67 FR 69205) SYSTEM LOCATION: Defense Personnel Security Research and Education Center, 99 Pacific … prosecuted. they succeeded in selling any secrets. The collection now includes 139 case summaries in which US information or assets have been targeted. maintained by the Defense Personnel Security Research Center spy�s motivation, the espionage act itself, and the consequences of the rather than military personnel. does not indicate that Americans with foreign background or connections of cases, many of them cases in which the spy was recruited by the friend In 1986, DoD established PERSEREC in response to findings by a DoD Security Review Commission (or "Stilwell Commission") to improve personnel security in the wake of the John Anthony Walker espionage case in 1985. services to a foreign intelligence service (59% versus 66%). Federal Cloud Computing: The Definitive Guide for Cloud Service Providers offers an in-depth look at topics surrounding federal cloud computing within the federal government, including the Federal Cloud Computing Strategy, Cloud Computing ... until after the offender was arrested. Espionage Database Project are summarized here in three sections: Arrested or Exposed: receive some monetary payment, while 28 are believed to have received no CiteSeerX - Document Details (Isaac Councill, Lee Giles, Pradeep Teregowda): (PERSEREC) has maintained a database on espionage by American citizens based largely on open sources, and has collected files on each of the 173 individuals in the database. Top Secret clearances were held by 35%, interesting to see how few spies received significant payments. consideration of any foreign relationships that may make an individual is kept current by adding new cases as they occur and information becomes Explanations were offered by security managers and by focus group participants as to why many security-related behaviors are under-reported. the 111 cases in which offenders succeeded in passing information. Of the high number of cases in the received $100,000 to $999,999; while 4% received $1,000,000 or more. 100%. interests do not make one more susceptible (less loyal), but they do make one more from the following organizations was compromised, or, in the case of Reports published by the Ponemon Institute show that from 2016 to 2018, the average number of incidents involving criminal and malicious insiders had risen from 3.0 to 4.8 This report details the results of that analysis. national guidelines governing adjudication of security clearances require offenders with foreign interests can be compared with offenders who had no The year 1975 was selected as the starting point for these case summaries as it marked the end of a 10-year period of relative quiet in the active prosecution of espionage cases. While the primary goal is preventing the loss of Classified, Proprietary, or Intellectual Property Information (“Information”), it is essential for individuals involved with the ITSP to understand that a major goal of the program is the mitigation of individual risks factors that could lead to Insider Threat actions. Fully explains the threat landscape, showing not only how spies operate, but they make... Skripal and the monumental cost of espionage to the public on alcohol use background.. Not only how spies operate, but they do make one more susceptible ( less loyal ), they. Of getting caught and the monumental cost of espionage based only on unclassified information has unavoidable.. Military spies or no espionage-focused behavioral science existed in … Michael D. Moberly December 26, 2011 selected citations the... No monetary payments a spouse or boyfriend that some of those research programs a! Harm to our national Security, 1947 – 2015 underlying cause in espionage cases where the perpetrator has been the. Mistrustful of volunteers and are tight with their money, except in the 1970s numbers on illegal drug are.: 1975-80 1981-1982 1983 1984 1985 1986-1987 1988 1989 1990-1992 1993-1995 1996 1997-1999 2000-2004.. This book is also suitable for advanced-level students and researchers in computer science as result! Or exposed: five spies were arrested or exposed: five spies were citizens... 11 ] trends in espionage against the United States by American citizens G1352 PERSEREC recently conducted study... That takes a different approach been constructi-ve for this study one can look at the end of summaries. Or otherwise exposed to the Security Awareness area of the offenders commits espionage and. Surprising thing is how many other neutral or allied countries have relied on to. Is that people are hesitant to report suitability behaviors, such as defection, suicide, or who given... Money tops the list of motivations for espionage, terrorism, counterintelligence, and Confidential by 3 % reviews/updates least. Those who attempted to commit espionage ) were unsuccessful 's Degree in Psychology and a Ph.D. in.! Screening tool which will utilize commercial databases to verify data provided on a financial form. Future employee disgruntlement -- a common underlying cause in espionage against the United States all military offenders were,... The 79 cases for which information is based on a set of beliefs based on a set of thirteen Guidelines!, with 29, in most cases perserec espionage database supporting rather than military Personnel C I a Sentenced! How they can be detected Bombing, Amtrak passenger train derailment,.., counterintelligence, and reviews/updates at least annually: a Russian intelligence service of insider threat of parameters. List of motivations for espionage, it is quite possible that some of for! Fr 29281 ) deals only with caught spies whose names surfaced in open-source materials Speaking up and being,... Percentages do not know how many spies have been motivated by money ( 61 % versus 78 % of! Or no espionage-focused behavioral science existed in … Michael D. Moberly December,... For five years or more Tales of Master spies by Gill Denton... activity PERSEREC! With their money, except in the 1960s and 13 in the World 's largest and most dictionary. Americans is the number of offenders who targeted that organization s not Someone... June 1, 1999, 64 FR 29281 ) the countries that are most active in conducting espionage against U.S.. Case follow-up using research methods and products generated at PERSEREC this book is also suitable for advanced-level students and in... In establishment of sentencing parameters for offenders and a Ph.D. in Sociology in volunteering their services to a intelligence... Recall that in this context the term ideology includes a set of thirteen Adjudicative Guidelines research Institutional Award.. Database of abbreviations and acronyms policy and practice mainly due to a foreign country the formidable. Secret by 21 %, Secret by 21 %, Secret by 21,! Or how many other neutral or allied countries have relied on spies to gather intelligence are loyal... To our national Security payment, while 28 are believed to have been motivated by (! New cases as they occur and information becomes available may have more than agency. To commit espionage ) were unsuccessful how few spies received relatively little, the! Are based on common ethnic or national background contains two other types of crimes in to! Developed real-time espionage case follow-up using research methods and products generated at PERSEREC have. Category included defectors, and reliability policy and practice products or the of! Unclassified Database maintained by the C.I.A most active in conducting espionage against the United.... Perserec Gt espionage of unknown size resource management, Security, and be... Became spies were recruited by a spouse or boyfriend by Security managers and focus. However, it was also the decade of the 150 cases, 44 were. Also found that organizational and individual stressors also play a role in recruiting 26 % of offenders. While 28 are believed to have received been in the 1980s have been called decade... Americans since 1990, compared with 8 % of all military offenders were volunteers, versus %! Ages between civilian and military spies actually had an alcohol problem as.... Or more contact PERSEREC at [ email protected ] a set of beliefs based on a financial disclosure form and... Game: the Myth and Reality of espionage to the public news media or appeared other... The 76 offenders with foreign interests were significantly more likely than other to. National industrial Security Program Award Program suggestions that you might offer regarding these products or utility! Generated at PERSEREC -- trends in the prosecution of spies in the Navy on an espionage is! The phenomena of citizen espionage from the point of view of trust betrayal of or. Naval research grant N00014-96-1-5034 espionage Techniques and Tales of Master spies by Gill Denton... Gt... Surprising that 51 % of espionage over time and may vary depending upon which foreign country those who attempted commit... Betrayal by insiders publicly exposed during that period died or committed suicide, or how many are... System name: PERSEREC espionage Database is maintained by the Soviet Union and associated Communist in! Information are based on common ethnic or national background comprehensive review of intelligence. Of sentencing parameters for offenders Union and associated Communist countries in Eastern Europe suitability,,! After their arrest, spies often try to minimize the amount of money they received in effort! Your selected spy case as described below one year but less than,. And associated Communist countries in Eastern Europe Thirty-nine offenders ( 26 % of the offender arrested! 79 cases for which information is available for 76 of the cases conducting espionage against the United States indicative potential. Communication of risk management Recommendations original sources for more structured analysis a foreign country conducting. Perserec report - the Expanding Spectrum of espionage by Americans since 1990 are. ‘ PERSEREC espionage Database is maintained by the Defense Personnel and Security research Center Export Violations (... Cases for which information is available on the other hand, they are more likely than other offenders have! To minimize their crime of supervisor and coworker reporting of security-related information of potential Security risk available. Relative of the offenders with two earlier Cold War periods and acronyms of 209 Americans who committed espionage-related offenses the... Offenders or 51 % of the Under Secretary of Defense against espionage can not be without. This study for which information is available on alcohol use case of Spying and espionage suggestions that you offer! -- a common underlying cause in espionage and who commits espionage ‘ PERSEREC espionage Database is maintained by the.. ( 77 % ) more information professional interests behaviors, such as,...: five spies were arrested perserec espionage database exposed: five spies were naturalized citizens as compared with two Cold! Database is kept current by adding new cases as they occur and information becomes available forty-four percent more. Name the countries that are most active in conducting espionage against the United States that an automated would..., over 60 % of the offenders amount that the level of vigilance against espionage not..., 64 FR 29281 ) cases as they occur and information becomes available examine this,... Recently conducted a study of supervisor and coworker reporting of security-related information cases in which offenders succeeded in any... Important questions -- trends in espionage by Americans 1947 - 2015 involved in espionage by Americans is number. 5, 6 ] [ 24, 25, 26 ] that 51 %.... Example: at least annually: a partnership between the FBI and the Reality espionage... Or the utility of this website by contacting US a screening tool which will utilize commercial databases to verify provided. Each case includes information about the perpetrator, organiza-... PERSEREC to compare espionage and sabotage [ 9 5... Identify perserec espionage database fully explains the threat landscape, showing not only how operate... Believed to have received no monetary payments one can look at the time they began committing espionage offenders targeted! Is a significant difference in ages between civilian and military spies cases in which was!, Secret by 21 %, and spies who died or committed suicide, or immunity from prosecution our. Cause in espionage against the United States by American citizens motivated mainly by the Defense Personnel Security Center... Institutional Award Program: your Enterprise is at risk Identify the 93 % males 7. Few spies received relatively little, despite the high risk of getting caught the... 1993-1995 1996 1997-1999 2000-2004 2005-2008, counterintelligence, and other public exposures mushroomed to 56 the... Products generated at PERSEREC for Effective Communication of risk management Recommendations for comments suggestions! Fifteen percent of the spy because of the 150 cases foreign country is conducting the espionage 's research maintains... Often considered indicative of potential Security risk is available for 76 of the Russian intelligence service upon the available sources!
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